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Afaq Ahmad Khan

Fundamental data types in C Language

Data types in c refer to an extensive system used for declaring variables or functions of different types. The type of a variable determines how much space it occupies in storage and how the bit pattern stored is interpreted. The types in C can be classified as follows − Sr.No. Types & Description 1 Basic […]

Standard I/O in C Language

When we say Input, it means to feed some data into a program. An input can be given in the form of a file or from the command line. C programming provides a set of built-in functions to read the given input and feed it to the program as per requirement. When we say Output, […]

Components of C language

You have seen the basic structure of a C program, so it will be easy to understand other basic building blocks of the C programming language. Tokens in C A C program consists of various tokens and a token is either a keyword, an identifier, a constant, a string literal, or a symbol. For example, […]

Object and executable code in C Language

Source code is the C program that you write in your editor and save with a ‘ .C ‘ extension. Which is un-compiled (when written for the first time or whenever a change is made in it and saved). Object code is the output of a compiler after it processes the source code. The object […]

Syntax and logical errors in compilation in C Language

As such, C programming does not provide direct support for error handling but being a system programming language, it provides you access at lower level in the form of return values. Most of the C or even Unix function calls return -1 or NULL in case of any error and set an error code errno. […]

Structure of C program, writing and executing the first C program,

Before we study the basic building blocks of the C programming language, let us look at a bare minimum C program structure so that we can take it as a reference in the upcoming chapters. Hello World Example A C program basically consists of the following parts − Preprocessor Commands Functions Variables Statements & Expressions […]

Pseudocode in C Language

Factorial of a positive integer n is product of all values from n to 1. For example, the factorial of 3 is (3 * 2 * 1 = 6). Algorithm Algorithm of this program is very easy − START Step 1 → Take integer variable A Step 2 → Assign value to the variable Step […]

Flowchart in C Language

Flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of sequence of logical steps of a program. Flowcharts use simple geometric shapes to depict processes and arrows to show relationships and process/data flow. Flowchart Symbols Here is a chart for some of the common symbols used in drawing flowcharts. Symbol Symbol Name Purpose Start/Stop Used at the beginning and […]

Algorithm in C Language

Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure, which defines a set of instructions to be executed in a certain order to get the desired output. Algorithms are generally created independent of underlying languages, i.e. an algorithm can be implemented in more than one programming language. From the data structure point of view, following are some important categories […]

Concept of assembler, compiler, interpreter, loader and linker.

Computers are a balanced mix of software and hardware. Hardware is just a piece of mechanical device and its functions are being controlled by a compatible software. Hardware understands instructions in the form of electronic charge, which is the counterpart of binary language in software programming. Binary language has only two alphabets, 0 and 1. […]

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